Ka Wehe 'ana i ka Semiconductor Resistivity: He Koʻikoʻi no ka Mana Hana

I nā mea uila a me nā optoelectronics hou, hoʻokani nā mea semiconductor i kahi hana hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi. Mai nā smartphones a me nā radar automotive a hiki i nā laser-grade industrial, aia nā mea semiconductor ma nā wahi āpau. Ma waena o nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi a pau, ʻo ka resistivity kekahi o nā metric koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka hana o nā mea hana semiconductor.

1. He aha ka Resistivity?

'O ke kū'ē ka nui kino e ana i ka ikaika o ka mea e kū'ē i ke kahe o ke au uila, i hō'ike pinepine 'ia ma ohm-centimeters (Ω·cm). Hōʻike ia i ka "kū'ē" kūloko i ʻike ʻia e nā electrons i ko lākou neʻe ʻana i ka mea. He haʻahaʻa loa ka pale pale ʻana o nā metala, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā insulators, a hāʻule nā ​​semiconductor i kahi ma waena-me ka hoʻohui ʻia o ka resistivity tunable. Ke kū'ē ρ=R*(L/A), kahi: R ʻo ia ke kūpale uila, ʻo A ka ʻāpana kea o ka mea, ʻo L ka lōʻihi o ka mea.

2. Nā mea e hoʻopili ai i ke kū'ē Semiconductor

ʻAʻole like me nā metala, ʻaʻole paʻa ka resistivity o nā semiconductors. Hoʻopili ʻia ia e kekahi mau kumu nui:
① ʻAno Mea: ʻO nā mea semiconductor like ʻole e like me ke silikoni (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), a me ka indium phosphide (InP) loaʻa nā waiwai resistivity intrinsic.
② Doping: ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā dopants (e like me ka boron a i ʻole ka phosphorus) ma nā ʻano like ʻole a hoʻololi i ka manaʻo o ka mea lawe, e hoʻopilikia nui i ka resistivity.
③ Ka Mahana: ʻO ka resistivity Semiconductor pili i ka wela. Ke piʻi aʻe ka mahana, piʻi ka manaʻo o ka mea lawe, e hopena i ka resistivity haʻahaʻa.
④ ʻO ke kino a me nā hemahema: ʻO nā hemahema o ka hale aniani—e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​kīnā ʻole—hiki ke keʻakeʻa i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea lawe a no laila ke hoʻoikaika i ka resistivity.

3. Pehea e pili ai ka Resistivity i ka hana o ka mea hana

Ma nā noi kūpono, pili pono ka resistivity i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana, ka wikiwiki o ka pane, a me ka paʻa o ka hana. ʻo kahi laʻana:

I loko o nā diodes laser, hiki i ka resistivity kiʻekiʻe ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻomehana koʻikoʻi, e pili ana i ka pono o ka puka māmā a me ke ola o ka mīkini.

Ma nā polokalamu RF, hiki i ka resistivity i hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia e hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i ka impedance kūpono a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hōʻailona.

I nā photodetectors, pono pinepine nā substrates resistivity kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana haʻahaʻa o kēia manawa.
No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻolālā kūpono a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka resistivity i ka ʻenehana mīkini semiconductor.

4. Nā Kūlana Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai maʻamau (Nā Waiwai Hōʻike)

ʻAno ʻano mea pale (Ω·cm)
ʻO ka Silikono Intrinsic (Si) ~2.3 × 10⁵
Silikino Doped (n-type/p-type) 10⁻³ ~ 10²
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) 10⁶ (semi-insulating) ~ 10⁻³
Indium Phosphide (InP) 10⁴ ~ 10⁻²

5. Ka hopena

ʻOi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka resistivity ma mua o kahi mea hoʻohālikelike—he kumu nui ia e pili pono ana i ka hana a me ka hilinaʻi o nā mea semiconductor. Ma Lumispot, hoʻoikaika mākou i ka resistivity ma o ke koho ʻana i nā mea waiwai, nā ʻenehana doping pololei, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka kaʻina hana e hōʻoia i kā mākou mau mea hana e hāʻawi i ka hana kiʻekiʻe a paʻa i nā ʻano noiʻi.

6. No makou

ʻO Lumispot kūikawā i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā laser semiconductor kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hana optoelectronic. Hoʻomaopopo mākou i ke kuleana koʻikoʻi e pāʻani ai nā ʻāpana waiwai e like me ka resistivity i ka hana huahana. E kelepona mai iā mākou e aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka mana resistivity, nā mea semiconductor i hana ʻia, a me nā hopena hoʻolālā laser i kūpono i kāu pono noi.