Ke wehe nei i ka Semiconductor Resistivity: He Parameter Core no ka Mana Hana

I loko o nā mea uila hou a me nā optoelectronics, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā mea semiconductor. Mai nā kelepona akamai a me nā radar kaʻa a hiki i nā lasers ʻoihana, aia nā mea semiconductor ma nā wahi āpau. Ma waena o nā palena koʻikoʻi a pau, ʻo ka resistivity kekahi o nā ana kumu nui no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka hana o nā mea semiconductor.

1. He aha ka Resistivity?

ʻO ke kū'ē ʻana he nui kino e ana i ka ikaika o ke kū'ē ʻana o kahi mea i ke kahe o ke au uila, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia ma ohm-centimeters (Ω·cm). Hōʻike ia i ke "kū'ē" kūloko a nā electrons e ʻike ai i ko lākou neʻe ʻana ma o ka mea. ʻO ka maʻamau, he haʻahaʻa loa ka kū'ē ʻana o nā metala, he kiʻekiʻe loa ka kū'ē ʻana o nā insulators, a hāʻule nā ​​semiconductors ma waena—me ka pōmaikaʻi hou o ka kū'ē hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia. ʻO ke kū'ē ʻana ρ=R*(L/A), kahi: ʻO R ke kū'ē uila, ʻo A ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka mea, ʻo L ka lōʻihi o ka mea.

2. Nā kumu e hoʻohuli ai i ka pale ʻana o ka Semiconductor

ʻAʻole e like me nā metala, ʻaʻole paʻa ka resistivity o nā semiconductors. Hoʻopili ʻia ia e kekahi mau kumu koʻikoʻi:
① ʻAno Mea: He ʻokoʻa nā waiwai resistivity intrinsic o nā mea semiconductor like ʻole e like me ka silicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), a me ka indium phosphide (InP).
② Doping: ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā dopants (e like me ka boron a i ʻole ka phosphorus) ma nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻano like ʻole e hoʻololi i ka nui o ka mea lawe, e hoʻopilikia nui ana i ka resistivity.
③ Mahana: Pili loa ke kū'ē'ē o ka semiconductor i ka mahana. Ke pi'i a'e ka mahana, pi'i a'e ka nui o ka mea lawe, a ma ke'ano laulā, e hopena ana i ka ha'aha'a o ke kū'ē'ē.
④ Ke ʻAno a me nā Kīnā o ke Aniani: ʻO nā hemahema i loko o ke ʻano aniani—e like me nā dislocations a i ʻole nā ​​kīnā—hiki ke keakea i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea lawe a no laila e hoʻohuli i ka resistivity.

3. Pehea e pili ai ka Resistivity i ka hana o ka hāmeʻa

I nā noi hana, hoʻopilikia pololei ka resistivity i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana, ka wikiwiki o ka pane ʻana, a me ke kūpaʻa o ka hana. Eia kekahi laʻana:

I loko o nā diode laser, ʻo ke kū'ē kiʻekiʻe loa e alakaʻi i ka hoʻomehana nui, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka pono o ka hoʻopuka kukui a me ke ola o ka hāmeʻa.

I nā polokalamu RF, ʻo ka resistivity i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia e hiki ai ke hoʻohālikelike i ka impedance kūpono a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻoili hōʻailona.

I nā photodetectors, he mea nui pinepine nā substrates resistivity kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana o ke au pouli haʻahaʻa.
No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻolālā pololei a me ka kaohi ʻana o ka resistivity i ka ʻenekinia hāmeʻa semiconductor.

4. Nā Pae Kū'ē Kū'ē ʻOihana Maʻamau (Nā Waiwai Kuhikuhi)

ʻAno Mea Kū'ē (Ω·cm)
Silika Kūloko (Si) ~2.3 × 10⁵
Silika i hoʻohui ʻia (ʻano-n/ʻano-p) 10⁻³ ~ 10²
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) 10⁶ (semi-insulating) ~ 10⁻³
ʻIndium Phosphide (InP) 10⁴ ~ 10⁻²

5. Hopena

ʻOi aku ka Resistivity ma mua o kahi palena mea wale nō—he kumu nui ia e hoʻopilikia pololei i ka hana a me ka hilinaʻi o nā mea semiconductor. Ma Lumispot, hoʻomaikaʻi mākou i ka resistivity ma o ke koho ʻana i nā mea, nā ʻano hana doping pololei, a me ka kaohi kaʻina hana i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e hōʻoia i ka hāʻawi ʻana o kā mākou mau mea hana i ka pono kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana paʻa ma nā ʻano noi like ʻole.

6. E pili ana iā mākou

He loea ʻo Lumispot i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā lasers semiconductor hana kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hana optoelectronic. Hoʻomaopopo mākou i ke kuleana koʻikoʻi o nā mea waiwai e like me ka resistivity i ka hana huahana. E kāhea iā mākou e aʻo hou e pili ana i ka kaohi resistivity, nā mea semiconductor i hana ʻia, a me nā hoʻonā hoʻolālā laser i hana ʻia no kāu mau pono noi.