E kākau inoa i kā mākou pāpili kaiapili no ka pou wikiwiki
ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia moʻo ke hāʻawi i ka poʻe heluhelu i kahi ʻike hohonu a holomua o ka ʻōnaehana Time of Flight (TOF). Uhi ka ʻike i kahi ʻike piha o nā ʻōnaehana TOF, me nā wehewehe kikoʻī o ka TOF ʻaoʻao ʻole (iTOF) a me ka TOF pololei (dTOF). Ke nānā nei kēia mau ʻāpana i nā palena o ka ʻōnaehana, ko lākou mau pono a me nā hemahema, a me nā algorithm like ʻole. Ke nānā pū nei ka ʻatikala i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā ʻōnaehana TOF, e like me Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), nā aniani hoʻoili a me ka hoʻokipa, nā mea ʻike e like me CIS, APD, SPAD, SiPM, a me nā kaapuni hoʻokele e like me ASIC.
Hoʻolauna iā TOF (Manawa o ka Holo)
Nā Kumumanaʻo Kumu
ʻO TOF, ke kū nei no ka Time of Flight, he ʻano hana i hoʻohana ʻia e ana i ka mamao ma ka helu ʻana i ka manawa e pono ai ka mālamalama e hele i kahi mamao i loko o kahi medium. Hoʻopili nui ʻia kēia kumumanaʻo i nā hiʻohiʻona TOF optical a he maʻalahi loa ia. Pili ke kaʻina hana i kahi kumu kukui e hoʻopuka ana i kahi kukuna o ke kukui, me ka manawa o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. A laila e hōʻike ana kēia kukui mai kahi pahuhopu, hopu ʻia e kahi mea loaʻa, a ua ʻike ʻia ka manawa o ka loaʻa ʻana. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa i kēia mau manawa, i hōʻike ʻia ʻo t, e hoʻoholo i ka mamao (d = ka wikiwiki o ke kukui (c) × t / 2).
Nā ʻano o nā Sensor ToF
ʻElua ʻano nui o nā sensor ToF: optical a me electromagnetic. ʻO nā sensor Optical ToF, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau, hoʻohana i nā pulse māmā, maʻamau i ka pae infrared, no ke ana ʻana i ka mamao. Hoʻopuka ʻia kēia mau pulse mai ka sensor, hōʻike i kahi mea, a hoʻi i ka sensor, kahi e ana ʻia ai ka manawa huakaʻi a hoʻohana ʻia e helu i ka mamao. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, hoʻohana nā sensor ToF electromagnetic i nā nalu electromagnetic, e like me ka radar a i ʻole lidar, e ana i ka mamao. Hana lākou ma ke ʻano like akā hoʻohana i kahi medium ʻokoʻa noana mamao.
Nā Hoʻohana o nā Sensor ToF
He maʻalahi nā mea ʻike ToF a ua hoʻohui ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole:
Nā Lopako:Hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana i nā pilikia a me ka hoʻokele. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana nā robots e like me Roomba lāua ʻo Boston Dynamics' Atlas i nā kāmela hohonu ToF no ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i ko lākou wahi a puni a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā neʻe ʻana.
Nā ʻōnaehana palekana:He mea maʻamau i nā mea ʻike neʻe no ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea komo hewa, hoʻāla i nā alarm, a i ʻole ka hoʻāla ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana kāmela.
ʻOihana Kaʻa:Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā ʻōnaehana kōkua hoʻokele no ka adaptive cruise control a me ka pale ʻana i nā collision, e lilo ana i mea nui i nā hiʻohiʻona kaʻa hou.
Kahua LapaʻauHoʻohana ʻia i nā kiʻi ʻana a me nā diagnostics non-invasive, e like me ka optical coherence tomography (OCT), e hana ana i nā kiʻi ʻiʻo hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Uila Mea kūʻai akuHoʻohui ʻia i loko o nā kelepona akamai, nā papa, a me nā kamepiula lawe no nā hiʻohiʻona e like me ka ʻike maka, ka hōʻoia biometric, a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā gesture.
Nā Drone:Hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokele ʻana, ka pale ʻana i nā ulia pōpilikia, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hopohopo pilikino a me nā hopohopo mokulele
Hoʻolālā ʻōnaehana TOF
ʻO kahi ʻōnaehana TOF maʻamau he mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi e hoʻokō ai i ke ana mamao e like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia:
· Mea Hoʻoili (Tx):Hoʻokomo pū kēia me kahi kumu kukui laser, ʻo ia hoʻi heVCSEL, kahi kaapuni hoʻokele ASIC e hoʻokele i ka laser, a me nā ʻāpana optical no ka hoʻokele kukuna e like me nā aniani collimating a i ʻole nā mea optical diffractive, a me nā kānana.
· Mea Loaʻa (Rx):ʻO kēia nā aniani a me nā kānana ma ka ʻaoʻao e loaʻa ana, nā mea ʻike e like me CIS, SPAD, a i ʻole SiPM ma muli o ka ʻōnaehana TOF, a me kahi Mea Hana Hōʻailona Kiʻi (ISP) no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻikepili he nui mai ka ʻāpana mea loaʻa.
·Hoʻokele Mana:Ke hoʻokele nei i ka paʻaHe mea koʻikoʻi ka mana o kēia au no nā VCSEL a me ke anakahi uila kiʻekiʻe no nā SPAD, e koi ana i ka hoʻokele mana paʻa.
· Papa Polokalamu:ʻO kēia ka firmware, SDK, OS, a me ka papa noi.
Hōʻike ka hoʻolālā ʻana pehea e hele ai kahi kukuna laser, i hoʻomaka ʻia mai ka VCSEL a hoʻololi ʻia e nā ʻāpana optical, ma ka lewa, e hōʻike ana i kahi mea, a hoʻi i ka mea loaʻa. Hōʻike ka helu ʻana o ka manawa i kēia kaʻina hana i ka ʻike mamao a hohonu paha. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole uhi kēia hoʻolālā i nā ala walaʻau, e like me ka walaʻau i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka lā a i ʻole ka walaʻau multi-path mai nā reflections, kahi e kūkākūkā ʻia ma hope o ka moʻo.
Ka Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻŌnaehana TOF
Hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia nā ʻōnaehana TOF e kā lākou mau ʻano hana ana mamao: TOF pololei (dTOF) a me TOF ʻaʻole pololei (iTOF), kēlā me kēia me nā ʻano lako like ʻole a me nā ʻano algorithmic. Hoʻākāka mua ka moʻo i kā lākou mau kumumanaʻo ma mua o ka luʻu ʻana i kahi loiloi hoʻohālikelike o ko lākou mau pono, nā pilikia, a me nā palena o ka ʻōnaehana.
ʻOiai ke ʻano maʻalahi o ke kumumanaʻo o TOF - ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kahi pulse māmā a me ka ʻike ʻana i kona hoʻi ʻana e helu i ka mamao - aia ka paʻakikī i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kukui e hoʻi mai ana mai ke kukui ambient. Hoʻoponopono ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ke kukui mālamalama lawa e hoʻokō ai i kahi lakio signal-to-noise kiʻekiʻe a me ke koho ʻana i nā nalu kūpono e hōʻemi i ka hoʻopilikia ʻana o ke kukui kaiapuni. ʻO kekahi ala ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ke encode i ke kukui i hoʻopuka ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia i ka hoʻi ʻana mai, e like me nā hōʻailona SOS me kahi kukui uila.
Hoʻomau ka moʻo i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana iā dTOF a me iTOF, e kūkākūkā ana i ko lāua ʻokoʻa, nā pono, a me nā pilikia me nā kikoʻī, a hoʻokaʻawale hou i nā ʻōnaehana TOF ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka ʻike a lākou e hāʻawi ai, mai 1D TOF a i 3D TOF.
dTOF
Ana pololei ʻo Direct TOF i ka manawa lele o ka photon. ʻO kāna ʻāpana koʻikoʻi, ʻo ka Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD), ua lawa ka naʻauao e ʻike i nā photons hoʻokahi. Hoʻohana ʻo dTOF i ka Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) e ana i ka manawa o ka hōʻea ʻana o nā photon, e kūkulu ana i kahi histogram e hoʻoholo i ka mamao loa e pili ana i ke alapine kiʻekiʻe loa o kahi ʻokoʻa manawa kikoʻī.
ʻO iTOF
Hoʻomaulia ʻo Indirect TOF i ka manawa lele ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa pae ma waena o nā ʻano nalu i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a loaʻa, me ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i nā hōʻailona modulation nalu hoʻomau a i ʻole pulse. Hiki i ka iTOF ke hoʻohana i nā hoʻolālā sensor kiʻi maʻamau, e ana ana i ka ikaika o ka mālamalama i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa.
Ua māhele hou ʻia ʻo iTOF i ka modulation nalu hoʻomau (CW-iTOF) a me ka modulation pulse (Pulsed-iTOF). Ana ʻo CW-iTOF i ka neʻe ʻana o ka pae ma waena o nā nalu sinusoidal i hoʻopuka ʻia a loaʻa, ʻoiai ʻo Pulsed-iTOF e helu i ka neʻe ʻana o ka pae me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hōʻailona nalu huinahā.
Heluhelu Hou Aʻe:
- Wikipedia. (nd). Manawa o ka lele ʻana. Ua kiʻi ʻia maihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manawa_o_ka_lele
- ʻO Sony Semiconductor Solutions Group. (nd). ToF (Manawa o ka lele) | ʻenehana maʻamau o nā mea ʻike kiʻi. Loaʻa maihttps://www.sony-semicon.com/en/technologies/tof
- Microsoft. (2021, Pepeluali 4). Hoʻolauna iā Microsoft Time Of Flight (ToF) - Azure Depth Platform. Ua kiʻi ʻia maihttps://devblogs.microsoft.com/azure-depth-platform/intro-to-microsoft-time-of-flight-tof
- ESCATEC. (2023, Malaki 2). Nā Sensor Manawa o ka Lele (TOF): He ʻIke Hōhonu a me nā Hoʻohana. Ua kiʻi ʻia maihttps://www.escatec.com/news/time-of-flight-tof-sensors-an-in-depth-overview-and-applications
Mai ka ʻaoʻao pūnaewelehttps://faster-than-light.net/TOFSystem_C1/
na ka mea kākau: Chao Guang
Hoʻokuʻu ʻōlelo:
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-18-2023