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Ke manaʻo nei kēia moʻo e hāʻawi i ka poʻe heluhelu i ka ʻike hohonu a me ka holomua o ka ʻōnaehana Time of Flight (TOF). Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻike i kahi ʻike kikoʻī o nā ʻōnaehana TOF, me nā wehewehe kikoʻī o nā TOF indirect (iTOF) a me TOF pololei (dTOF). Hoʻopili kēia mau ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana ʻōnaehana, nā pono a me nā hemahema, a me nā algorithms like ʻole. ʻIke pū ka ʻatikala i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā ʻōnaehana TOF, e like me Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), nā lens hoʻouna a me ka hoʻokipa, loaʻa nā mea ʻike like CIS, APD, SPAD, SiPM, a me nā kaʻa kaʻa e like me ASIC.
Introduction to TOF(Time of Flight)
Kumu Kumu
ʻO TOF, e kū ana no ka Time of Flight, he ʻano hana ia e ana i ka mamao ma ka helu ʻana i ka manawa e hele ai ka mālamalama i kahi mamao ma kahi kikowaena. Hoʻohana mua ʻia kēia kumumanaʻo i nā hiʻohiʻona TOF optical a maʻalahi. ʻO ke kaʻina hana e pili ana i kahi kumu kukui e hoʻopuka ana i kahi kukui, me ka manawa o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Hōʻike kēia kukui i kahi pahu hopu, hopu ʻia e ka mea hoʻokipa, a ʻike ʻia ka manawa o ka hoʻokipa ʻana. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa i kēia mau manawa, i kapa ʻia ʻo t, e hoʻoholo i ka mamao (d = ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama (c) × t / 2).
Nā ʻano o nā mea ʻike ToF
ʻElua ʻano kumu mua o nā mea ʻike ToF: optical a me electromagnetic. ʻO nā mea ʻike ToF Optical, ka mea maʻamau, hoʻohana i nā pulu māmā, maʻamau i ka laulā infrared, no ke ana mamao. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia mau pulse mai ka mea ʻike, e noʻonoʻo i kahi mea, a hoʻi i ka ʻike, kahi e ana ʻia ai ka manawa huakaʻi a hoʻohana ʻia e helu i ka mamao. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike, hoʻohana nā mea ʻike ToF electromagnetic i nā nalu electromagnetic, e like me radar a i ʻole lidar, e ana i ka mamao. Hana lākou ma kahi loina like akā hoʻohana i kahi ala ʻokoʻa noana mamao.
Nā noi o nā ToF Sensors
He mea maʻalahi nā mea ʻike ToF a ua hoʻohui ʻia i loko o nā kahua like ʻole:
Lopako:Hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana a me ka hoʻokele. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana nā robots e like me Roomba a me Boston Dynamics 'Atlas i nā kāmela hohonu ToF no ka palapala ʻana i ko lākou puni a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā neʻe.
Pūnaehana Palekana:Mea maʻamau i loko o ka neʻe ʻana no ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea komo, hoʻāla i nā ʻōhua, a i ʻole ka hoʻāla ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana kamera.
ʻOihana Kaʻa:Hoʻohui ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana kōkua hoʻokele no ka hoʻokele cruise adaptive a me ka pale ʻana i ka hui ʻana, e ulu nui ana i nā ʻano kaʻa hou.
Lapaau Lapaau: Hoʻohana ʻia i nā kiʻi kiʻi non-invasive a me nā diagnostics, e like me ka optical coherence tomography (OCT), e hana ana i nā kiʻi kiko kiʻekiʻe.
Mea Hoʻohana Electronics: Hoʻohui ʻia i loko o nā smartphones, papa, a me nā kamepiula no nā hiʻohiʻona e like me ka ʻike maka, ka hōʻoia biometric, a me ka ʻike ʻana.
Nā Drone:Hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokele ʻana, ka pale ʻana i ka hui ʻana, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia pilikino a me nā mokulele
Hoʻolālā Pūnaehana TOF
Aia kekahi ʻōnaehana TOF maʻamau i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi e hoʻokō i ke ana mamao e like me ka wehewehe ʻana:
· Mea hoʻouna (Tx):Loaʻa kēia i kahi kumu kukui laser, ka mea nui aVCSEL, he mea hoʻokele kaapuni ASIC e hoʻokele i ka laser, a me nā ʻāpana optical no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke kukui e like me nā lens collimating a i ʻole nā mea ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa, a me nā kānana.
· Mea lawe (Rx):Aia kēia me nā lens a me nā kānana ma ka hopena e loaʻa ai, nā mea ʻike e like me CIS, SPAD, a i ʻole SiPM e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana TOF, a me kahi Image Signal Processor (ISP) no ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka nui o ka ʻikepili mai ka chip receiver.
·Mana Mana:Ka mālama ʻana i ka hale paʻaʻO ka mana o kēia manawa no nā VCSEL a me ka uila kiʻekiʻe no nā SPAD he mea koʻikoʻi, e koi ana i ka hoʻokele mana ikaika.
· Lapa polokalamu:Loaʻa kēia i ka firmware, SDK, OS, a me ka papa noi.
Hōʻike ka hale kiʻi i ka hele ʻana o kahi kukuna laser, mai ka VCSEL a hoʻololi ʻia e nā ʻāpana optical, e hele i ka lewa, e hōʻike i kahi mea, a hoʻi i ka mea hoʻokipa. Hōʻike ka helu ʻana o ka manawa ma kēia kaʻina hana i ka ʻike mamao a hohonu paha. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole uhi kēia papa hana i nā ala walaʻau, e like me ka walaʻau ʻana o ka lā a i ʻole ka leo o nā ala he nui mai ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, i kūkākūkā ʻia ma hope o ka moʻo.
Hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻōnaehana TOF
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻōnaehana TOF e ko lākou mau ʻenehana ana mamao: TOF pololei (dTOF) a me TOF indirect (iTOF), me kēlā me kēia me nā ʻano lako a me nā ala algorithmic. Hōʻike mua ka moʻo i kā lākou mau loina ma mua o ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi loiloi hoʻohālikelike o kā lākou mau pono, nā pilikia, a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana.
ʻOiai ka manaʻo maʻalahi o TOF - ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kahi puʻupuʻu māmā a ʻike i kona hoʻi ʻana e helu i ka mamao - aia ka paʻakikī i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kukui hoʻi mai ke kukui ambient. Hoʻopuka ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kukui ʻālohilohi e loaʻa i kahi ratio hōʻailona-a-noise kiʻekiʻe a me ke koho ʻana i nā lōʻihi hawewe kūpono e hōʻemi i ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka mālamalama o ke kaiapuni. ʻO kekahi ala ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kukui i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ʻike ʻia i ka wā e hoʻi mai ai, e like me nā hōʻailona SOS me kahi kukui uila.
Hoʻomaka ka moʻo e hoʻohālikelike i ka dTOF a me iTOF, e kūkākūkā ana i ko lākou mau ʻokoʻa, nā pōmaikaʻi, a me nā pilikia me ka kikoʻī, a hoʻokaʻawale hou i nā ʻōnaehana TOF ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka ʻike a lākou e hāʻawi ai, mai ka 1D TOF a i ka 3D TOF.
dTOF
Ana pololei ʻo TOF pololei i ka manawa lele o ka photon. ʻO kāna mea koʻikoʻi, ʻo ka Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD), hiki ke ʻike i nā kiʻi hoʻokahi. Hoʻohana ʻo dTOF i ka Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) e ana i ka manawa o ka hiki ʻana mai o nā kiʻi kiʻi, e kūkulu ana i kahi histogram e unuhi i ka mamao loa ma muli o ke alapine kiʻekiʻe o kahi ʻokoʻa manawa.
iTOF
Hoʻohālikelike ʻo TOF i ka manawa lele ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻano nalu i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a loaʻa, e hoʻohana mau ana i nā hōʻailona hoʻololi a i ʻole nā pulse modulation. Hiki i ka iTOF ke hoʻohana i nā hoʻolālā kiʻi ʻike kiʻi maʻamau, e ana i ka ikaika māmā i ka manawa.
Hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia ka iTOF i loko o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nalu mau (CW-iTOF) a me ka modulation pulse (Pulsed-iTOF). Ana ʻo CW-iTOF i ka neʻe ʻana ma waena o nā nalu sinusoidal i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a loaʻa, ʻoiai ʻo Pulsed-iTOF e helu ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka pae me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hōʻailona nalu huinaha.
Heluhelu hou:
- Wikipedia. (nd). Ka manawa lele. Kiʻi ʻia maihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_of_flight
- ʻO Sony Semiconductor Solutions Group. (nd). ToF (Ka manawa o ka lele) | ʻenehana maʻamau o nā kiʻi kiʻi. Kiʻi ʻia maihttps://www.sony-semicon.com/en/technologies/tof
- Microsoft. (2021, Pepeluali 4). Hoʻolauna iā Microsoft Time Of Flight (ToF) - Azure Depth Platform. Kiʻi ʻia maihttps://devblogs.microsoft.com/azure-depth-platform/intro-to-microsoft-time-of-flight-tof
- ESCATEC. (2023, Malaki 2). Nā Manawa o ka lele (TOF): He Nānā Hohonu a me nā noi. Kiʻi ʻia maihttps://www.escatec.com/news/time-of-flight-tof-sensors-an-in-depth-overview-and-applications
Mai ka ʻaoʻao pūnaewelehttps://faster-than-light.net/TOFSystem_C1/
na ka mea kākau: Chao Guang
Hōʻole:
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-18-2023