Me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana optoelectronic, ua loaʻa i nā lasers semiconductor nā noi ākea ma nā kahua e like me ke kamaʻilio ʻana, nā lako lapaʻau, ka hoʻolaha laser, ka hana ʻoihana, a me nā mea uila mea kūʻai. Ma ke kikowaena o kēia ʻenehana aia ka PN junction, kahi e pāʻani ai i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi—ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano he kumu o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka mālamalama akā ʻo ke kumu hoʻi o ka hana o ka hāmeʻa. Hāʻawi kēia ʻatikala i kahi ʻike maopopo a pōkole o ke ʻano, nā loina, a me nā hana koʻikoʻi o ka PN junction i nā lasers semiconductor.
1. He aha ka PN Junction?
ʻO ka hui PN ka pilina i hana ʻia ma waena o kahi semiconductor ʻano-P a me kahi semiconductor ʻano-N:
Hoʻohui ʻia ka semiconductor ʻano-P me nā haumia acceptor, e like me ka boron (B), e hana ana i nā lua i nā mea lawe ukana hapa nui.
Hoʻohui ʻia ka semiconductor ʻano-N me nā mea haumia donor, e like me ka phosphorus (P), e hana ana i nā electrons i nā mea lawe nui loa.
Ke hoʻopili ʻia nā mea ʻano-P a me ke ʻano-N, e pālahalaha nā electrons mai ka ʻāpana-N i loko o ka ʻāpana-P, a e pālahalaha nā lua mai ka ʻāpana-P i loko o ka ʻāpana-N. Hoʻokumu kēia hoʻolaha ʻana i kahi ʻāpana hoʻopau kahi e hui hou ai nā electrons a me nā lua, e waiho ana i nā ion i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e hana ana i kahi kahua uila kūloko, i ʻike ʻia he pale hiki i kūkulu ʻia.
2. Ke Kūlana o ka PN Junction i nā Lasers
(1) Hoʻokomo ʻana i ka mea lawe
Ke hana ka laser, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka hui PN i mua: ua pili ka ʻāpana P i kahi voltage maikaʻi, a ʻo ka ʻāpana N i kahi voltage maikaʻi ʻole. Hoʻopau kēia i ke kahua uila kūloko, e ʻae ana i nā electrons a me nā lua e hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ʻāpana hana ma ka hui ʻana, kahi e hui hou ai lākou.
(2) Hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ke kukui: Ke kumu o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i hoʻoulu ʻia
Ma ka ʻāpana hana, hoʻohui hou nā electrons a me nā lua i hoʻokomo ʻia a hoʻokuʻu i nā photons. I ka wā mua, he hoʻokuʻu koke kēia kaʻina hana, akā i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka photon, hiki i nā photons ke hoʻoulu hou i ka hui hou ʻana o ka electron-hole, e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā photons hou me ka pae like, ke kuhikuhi, a me ka ikehu—ʻo kēia ka hoʻokuʻu hoʻoulu ʻia.
ʻO kēia kaʻina hana ke kumu o kahi laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation).
(3) Loaʻa a me nā lua Resonant Form Laser Output
No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana, hoʻokomo nā lasers semiconductor i nā lua resonant ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka PN junction. I loko o nā lasers edge-emitting, no ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kēia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBRs) a i ʻole nā uhi aniani e hōʻike i ka mālamalama i mua a i hope. ʻAe kēia hoʻonohonoho i nā nalu māmā kikoʻī o ka mālamalama e hoʻonui ʻia, a laila hopena i ka hoʻopuka laser coherent a kuhikuhi loa.
3. Nā ʻōnaehana PN Junction a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻolālā
Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka laser semiconductor, ʻokoʻa paha ka ʻano PN:
Hoʻokahi Heterojunction (SH):
Hana ʻia ka ʻāpana-P, ka ʻāpana-N, a me ka ʻāpana hana i ka mea like. He ākea ka ʻāpana recombination a ʻaʻole i kūpono.
ʻO ka Heterojunction pālua (DH):
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi papa hana bandgap haiki ma waena o nā ʻāpana P- a me N. Hoʻopaʻa kēia i nā mea lawe a me nā photons, e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ana i ka pono.
ʻAno o ka luawai Quantum:
Hoʻohana i kahi papa hana lahilahi loa e hana i nā hopena hoʻopaʻa quantum, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i nā ʻano paepae a me ka wikiwiki modulation.
Hoʻolālā ʻia kēia mau hale āpau e hoʻonui i ka pono o ka injection carrier, recombination, a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka mālamalama ma ka ʻāpana PN junction.
4. Hopena
ʻO ka PN junction ka "puʻuwai" maoli o kahi laser semiconductor. ʻO kona hiki ke hoʻokomo i nā mea lawe ma lalo o ka bias forward ke kumu nui no ka hana laser. Mai ka hoʻolālā kūkulu a me ke koho ʻana i nā mea a hiki i ka kaohi photon, ʻo ka hana o ka hāmeʻa laser holoʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka PN junction.
I ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā ʻenehana optoelectronic i ka holomua, ʻo ka ʻike hohonu o ka PN junction physics ʻaʻole wale e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana laser akā e kau pū ana i kahi kahua paʻa no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hanauna hou o nā lasers semiconductor kiʻekiʻe, wikiwiki, a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-28-2025