Me ka holomua wikiwiki o ka ʻenehana optoelectronic, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā laser semiconductor i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ke kelepona, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka hana ʻenehana, a me ka LiDAR, mahalo i ko lākou kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, compact size, a me ka maʻalahi o ka modulation. Aia ma ke kumu o kēia ʻenehana ka loaʻa ʻana o ka medium, kahi mea koʻikoʻi loa. He lawelawe ia e like me ka“kumu ikehu”e hiki ai i ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka laser, e hoʻoholo i ka laser's hana, ka lōʻihi nalu, a me ka hiki ke noi.
1. He aha ka Gain Medium?
E like me ka manaʻo o ka inoa, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana he mea ia e hāʻawi ai i ka amplification optical. Ke hauʻoli ʻia e nā kumu ikehu o waho (e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe uila a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe optical), hoʻonui ia i ka mālamalama hanana ma o ke ʻano o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana, e alakaʻi ana i ka hopena laser.
I nā lasers semiconductor, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana ka mea maʻamau i ka ʻāina ikaika ma ka junction PN, nona ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea waiwai, ka hoʻolālā, a me nā ʻano doping e hoʻopili pololei i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi e like me ka paepae o kēia manawa, ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe, ka pono, a me nā ʻano wela.
2. Mea Loaʻa maʻamau i nā Laser Semiconductor
ʻO III-V pūhui semiconductor nā mea waiwai loaʻa maʻamau. Aia nā laʻana maʻamau:
①GaAs (Gallium Arsenide)
He kūpono no nā lasers e hoʻopuka ana i ka 850–980 nm laulā, hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kamaʻilio optical a me ka paʻi laser.
②InP (Indium Phosphide)
Hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā ʻāpana 1.3 µm a me 1.55 µm, koʻikoʻi no nā kamaʻilio fiber-optic.
③InGaAsP / AlGaAs / InGaN
Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia kā lākou haku mele no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lōʻihi nalu like ʻole, i kumu no nā hoʻolālā laser lōʻihi-tunable.
Hōʻike maʻamau kēia mau mea i nā kūkulu bandgap pololei, e hana maikaʻi loa iā lākou i ka hoʻohui hou ʻana o ka electron-hole me ka hoʻokuʻu photon, kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka medium gain laser semiconductor.
3. Evolution of Gain Structures
I ka holomua ʻana o nā ʻenehana hana, loaʻa nā hale i nā laser semiconductor mai nā homojunctions mua a hiki i nā heterojunctions, a hiki i ka holomua quantum well a me quantum dot configurations.
①Heterojunction Gain Medium
Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea semiconductor me nā bandgaps ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā mea lawe a me nā kiʻi kiʻi i nā wahi i koho ʻia, e hoʻonui ai i ka pono o ka loaʻa a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka paepae.
②Nā Hana Waiwai Kuantum
Ma ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka ʻāpana hana i ka pālākiō nanometer, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā electrons i ʻelua mau ʻāpana, me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka pono o ka hoʻohui hou ʻana. ʻO kēia ka hopena i nā lasers me nā au paepae haʻahaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi.
③Nā Kūlana Kuantum Dot
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hōʻuluʻulu pilikino, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā nanostructures zero-dimensional, e hāʻawi ana i nā puʻupuʻu kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu. Hāʻawi kēia mau hale i nā hiʻohiʻona waiwai i hoʻonui ʻia a me ke kūpaʻa o ka nalu, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i wahi wela noiʻi no nā laser semiconductor hana kiʻekiʻe.
4. He aha ka mea e hoʻoholo ai ka Gain Medium?
①Ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe
Hoʻoholo ka bandgap o ka mea i ka laser's ka nalu. No ka laʻana, kūpono ʻo InGaAs no nā lasers kokoke-infrared, ʻoiai hoʻohana ʻia ʻo InGaN no nā laser polū a violet.
②Pono & Mana
ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea lawe a me nā helu hoʻohui hou ʻole i hoʻololi ʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka optical-to-electrical.
③Hana wela
ʻO nā mea likeʻole e pane i nā hoʻololi o ka mahana ma nāʻano likeʻole, e hoʻohuli i ka hilinaʻi o ka laser ma nāʻoihanaʻoihana a me nā pūʻali koa.
④Pane Modulation
Hoʻopili ke ʻano o ka loaʻa i ka laser's ka wikiwiki o ka pane, he mea koʻikoʻi i nā noi kamaʻilio kiʻekiʻe.
5. Ka hopena
I loko o ke ʻano paʻakikī o nā lasers semiconductor, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka loaʻa maoli ʻo ia kona "naʻau"—ʻAʻole wale ke kuleana no ka hana ʻana i ka laser akā no ka hoʻopili ʻana i kona ola, kūpaʻa, a me nā hiʻohiʻona noi. Mai ke koho waiwai a hiki i ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā, mai ka hana macroscopic a i nā mīkini microscopic, ʻo kēlā me kēia holomua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻenehana e hoʻokele i ka ʻenehana laser i ka hana ʻoi aku ka nui, nā noi ākea, a me ka ʻimi hohonu.
Me ka holomua ʻana o ka ʻepekema waiwai a me ka ʻenehana nano-fabrication, manaʻo ʻia ka mea e loaʻa i ka wā e hiki mai ana e lawe mai i ka ʻōlinolino kiʻekiʻe, ka uhi ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka nalu, a me nā hopena laser akamai.—wehe i nā mea hou aku no ka ʻepekema, ʻoihana, a me ke kaiāulu.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-17-2025