Hāʻawi ʻo Lumispot i ka hōʻoia maikaʻi loa a me ka lawelawe ma hope o ke kūʻai aku, i hōʻoia ʻia e nā ʻōnaehana maikaʻi aupuni, ʻoihana kūikawā, FDA, a me CE. Pane wikiwiki o ka mea kūʻai aku a me ke kākoʻo ma hope o ke kūʻai aku.
E kākau inoa i kā mākou pāpili kaiapili no ka pou wikiwiki
Nā mea ʻike LiDAR eahiki ke hopu i nā kiko kikoʻī mai kahi pulse laser, i ʻike ʻia ʻo nā ana hoʻihoʻi discrete, a i ʻole e hoʻopaʻa i ka hōʻailona piha i kona hoʻi ʻana mai, i kapa ʻia ʻo full-waveform, ma nā manawa paʻa e like me 1 ns (e uhi ana ma kahi o 15 cm). Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Full-waveform LiDAR i ka ululāʻau, ʻoiai ʻo discrete return LiDAR he mau noi ākea ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Kūkākūkā nui kēia ʻatikala i ka discrete return LiDAR a me kāna mau hoʻohana. Ma kēia mokuna, e uhi mākou i kekahi mau kumuhana koʻikoʻi e pili ana iā LiDAR, me kāna mau ʻāpana kumu, pehea e hana ai, kona pololei, nā ʻōnaehana, a me nā kumuwaiwai i loaʻa.
Nā ʻĀpana Kumu o LiDAR
Hoʻohana pinepine nā ʻōnaehana LiDAR honua i nā lasers me nā nalu ma waena o 500-600 nm, ʻoiai nā ʻōnaehana LiDAR ea e hoʻohana i nā lasers me nā nalu lōʻihi, mai 1000-1600 nm. ʻO kahi hoʻonohonoho LiDAR ea maʻamau e komo pū me kahi scanner laser, kahi ʻāpana no ke ana ʻana i ka mamao (ʻāpana ranging), a me nā ʻōnaehana no ka kaohi, ka nānā ʻana, a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Loaʻa pū kekahi iā ia kahi Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) a me kahi Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), i hoʻohui pinepine ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokahi i ʻike ʻia he ʻōnaehana kūlana a me ke kuhikuhi ʻana. Hāʻawi kēia ʻōnaehana i ka ʻikepili kikoʻī o ka wahi (longitude, latitude, a me ke kiʻekiʻe) a me ke kuhikuhi ʻana (roll, pitch, a me ke poʻo).
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā ʻano hana e nānā ai ka laser i ka wahi, me nā ala zigzag, parallel, a i ʻole elliptical. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka ʻikepili DGPS a me IMU, me ka ʻikepili calibration a me nā palena kau ʻana, e ʻae i ka ʻōnaehana e hana pololei i nā kiko laser i hōʻiliʻili ʻia. A laila ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau kiko i nā hoʻonohonoho (x, y, z) i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho honua e hoʻohana ana i ka World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84) datum.
Pehea ʻo LiDARʻIke MamaoNā HanaE wehewehe ma ke ala maʻalahi
Hoʻopuka kahi ʻōnaehana LiDAR i nā pulse laser wikiwiki i kahi mea a i ʻole kahi i manaʻo ʻia.
Hōʻike nā pulse laser mai ka pahuhopu a hoʻi i ke sensor LiDAR.
Ana pololei ke sensor i ka manawa e pono ai kēlā me kēia pulse e hele i ka pahuhopu a hoʻi.
Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama a me ka manawa huakaʻi, ua helu ʻia ka mamao i ka pahuhopu.
I hui pū ʻia me ka ʻikepili kūlana a me ke kuhikuhi ʻana mai nā mea ʻike GPS a me IMU, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā hoʻonohonoho 3D kikoʻī o nā ʻōlinolino laser.
ʻO ka hopena, he ao kiko 3D mānoanoa e hōʻike ana i ka ʻili a mea paha i scan ʻia.
Kumumanaʻo Kino o LiDAR
Hoʻohana nā ʻōnaehana LiDAR i ʻelua ʻano lasers: ka pulsed a me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka nalu. Hana nā ʻōnaehana Pulsed LiDAR ma ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi pulse māmā pōkole a laila e ana i ka manawa e pono ai kēia pulse e hele i ka pahuhopu a hoʻi i ka mea loaʻa. Kōkua kēia ana o ka manawa huakaʻi hele a puni e hoʻoholo i ka mamao i ka pahuhopu. Hōʻike ʻia kahi laʻana ma kahi kiʻikuhi kahi e hōʻike ʻia ai nā amplitudes o ka hōʻailona mālamalama i hoʻouna ʻia (AT) a me ka hōʻailona mālamalama i loaʻa (AR). ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike kumu i hoʻohana ʻia ma kēia ʻōnaehana e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama (c) a me ka mamao i ka pahuhopu (R), e ʻae ana i ka ʻōnaehana e helu i ka mamao ma muli o ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻi ʻana o ka mālamalama.
Ke ana ʻana o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻokoʻa a me ke ana ʻana o ka nalu piha me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka LiDAR ea.
He ʻōnaehana LiDAR lewa maʻamau.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana ana ma LiDAR, ka mea e noʻonoʻo ana i ka mea ʻike a me nā ʻano o ka pahuhopu, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia e ka hoʻohālikelike LiDAR maʻamau. Ua hoʻololi ʻia kēia hoʻohālikelike mai ka hoʻohālikelike radar a he mea nui ia i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana pehea e helu ai nā ʻōnaehana LiDAR i nā mamao. Hōʻike ia i ka pilina ma waena o ka mana o ka hōʻailona i hoʻouna ʻia (Pt) a me ka mana o ka hōʻailona i loaʻa (Pr). ʻO ke kumu, kōkua ka hoʻohālikelike i ka helu ʻana i ka nui o ke kukui i hoʻouna ʻia i hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka mea loaʻa ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana mai ka pahuhopu, he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā mamao a me ka hana ʻana i nā palapala ʻāina pololei. Lawe kēia pilina i nā mea e like me ka hōʻailona attenuation ma muli o ka mamao a me nā pilina me ka ʻili o ka pahuhopu.
Nā Hoʻohana o ka LiDAR Remote Sensing
He nui nā noi o ka ʻike mamao LiDAR ma nā ʻano like ʻole:
Palapala ʻāina a me ka topographic no ka hana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe kikohoʻe (DEMs).
Palapala ʻāina ululāʻau a me nā mea kanu e aʻo ai i ke ʻano o ka uhi lāʻau a me ka biomass.
Palapala ʻāina kahakai a me ke kahakai no ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻinoʻino a me nā loli o ka ʻilikai.
Hoʻolālā kūlanakauhale a me ke kumu hoʻohālike o nā ʻoihana, me nā hale a me nā pūnaewele halihali.
Ka palapala ʻana o ka ʻeli honua a me ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu o nā wahi mōʻaukala a me nā mea hana lima.
Nā ana honua a me nā ana eli no ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻili a me nā hana nānā ʻana.
Hoʻokele kaʻa ponoʻī a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea keakea.
Ka ʻimi honua, e like me ke kaha palapala ʻana i ka ʻili o Mars.
Pono i kahi Kūkākūkā Manuahi?
Nā Kumuwaiwai LiDAR:
Aia ma lalo kahi papa inoa piha ʻole o nā kumu ʻikepili LiDAR a me nā polokalamu manuahi. Nā kumu ʻikepili LiDAR:
1.ʻO ke ʻano honua hāmamahttp://www.opentopography.org
2.ʻIke Honua USGShttp://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
3.ʻO ka papa inoa kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻoihana like ʻole o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIahttps://coast.noaa.gov/ inventory/
4.ʻOihana Hoʻokele Moana a me ka Lewa (NOAA)Kahakai Kikohoʻehttps://www.coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#
5.Wikipedia LiDARhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lidar_Dataset_(ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa)
6.LiDAR Pūnaewelehttp://www.lidar-online.com
7.Pūnaewele Hale Kilokilo Kaiapuni Lahui—NEONhttp://www.neonscience.org/data-resources/get-data/airborne-data
8.ʻIkepili LiDAR no Sepania ʻĀkauhttp://b5m.gipuzkoa.net/url5000/en/G_22485/PUBLI&consulta=HAZLIDAR
9.ʻIkepili LiDAR no ke Aupuni Mōʻī Hui Pū ʻIahttp://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/ list/?return_obj=ob&id=8049, 8042, 8051, 8053
Polokalamu LiDAR manuahi:
1.Pono ʻo ENVIhttp://bcal.geology.isu.edu/ Envitools.shtml
2.FugroViewer(no LiDAR a me nā ʻikepili raster/vector ʻē aʻe) http://www.fugroviewer.com/
3.Hoʻohui/LDV(Hōʻike ʻikepili LiDAR, hoʻololi, a me ka nānā ʻana) http://forsys.cfr.washington.edu/fusion/fusionlatest.html
4.Nā Mea Hana LAS(Kōkuhi a me nā polokalamu no ka heluhelu ʻana a me ke kākau ʻana i nā faila LAS) http://www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/
5.Ka Hoʻohana ʻana o LASU(He hoʻonohonoho o nā pono hana GUI no ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā faila LAS) http://home.iitk.ac.in/~blohani/LASUtility/LASUtility.html
6.LibLAS(Hale waihona puke C/C++ no ka heluhelu/kākau ʻana i ke ʻano LAS) http://www.liblas.org/
7.MCC-LiDAR(Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kūlou ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole no LiDAR) http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcclidar/
8.MARS FreeView(Hōʻike 3D o ka ʻikepili LiDAR) http://www.merrick.com/Geospatial/Software-Products/MARS-Software
9.Ka Loiloi Piha(Polokalamu kumu wehe no ka hana ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ao LiDARpoint a me nā ʻano nalu) http://fullanalyze.sourceforge.net/
10.Kilo Ao Kilo (A set of software tools for LiDAR point cloud visualiza-tion, editing, filtering, 3D building modeling, and statistical analysis in forestry/ vegetation applications. Contact Dr. Cheng Wang at wangcheng@radi.ac.cn)
11.Mea Heluhelu ʻĀina Wikiwiki(ʻIke ʻia o nā ao kiko LiDAR) http://appliedimagery.com/download/ Hiki ke loaʻa nā pono hana polokalamu LiDAR hou aʻe mai ka pūnaewele Open Topography ToolRegistry ma http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/tools/listTools.
Nā Mahalo
- Hoʻokomo kēia ʻatikala i ka noiʻi mai "LiDAR Remote Sensing and Applications" na Vinícius Guimarães, 2020. Loaʻa ka ʻatikala piha.maanei.
- Hāʻawi kēia papa inoa piha a me ka wehewehe kikoʻī o nā kumu ʻikepili LiDAR a me nā polokalamu manuahi i kahi pahu hana koʻikoʻi no nā poʻe loea a me nā mea noiʻi ma ke kahua o ka ʻike mamao a me ka loiloi honua.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻōlelo:
- Ke hōʻike aku nei mākou ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia kekahi mau kiʻi i hōʻike ʻia ma kā mākou pūnaewele mai ka pūnaewele no ke kumu o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka kaʻana like ʻana i ka ʻike. Hoʻohanohano mākou i nā kuleana waiwai noʻonoʻo o nā mea hana mua a pau. ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau kiʻi no ka loaʻa kālā.
- Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua hoʻopilikia kekahi o nā ʻike i hoʻohana ʻia i kāu kuleana kope, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou. Makemake nui mākou e hana i nā hana kūpono, me ka wehe ʻana i nā kiʻi a i ʻole ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻae kūpono, e hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻana i nā kānāwai a me nā lula o ka waiwai noʻeau. ʻO kā mākou pahuhopu ka mālama ʻana i kahi kahua i waiwai i nā ʻike, kūpono, a mahalo i nā kuleana waiwai noʻeau o haʻi.
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻApelila-16-2024