Hāʻawi ʻo Lumispot i ka hōʻoia maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi a me ka lawelawe ma hope o ke kūʻai ʻana, i hōʻoia ʻia e ka ʻāina, ʻoihana kikoʻī, FDA, a me nā ʻōnaehana maikaʻi CE. ʻO ka pane wikiwiki a me ke kākoʻo ma hope o ke kūʻai aku.
E hoʻopaʻa inoa i kā mākou Media Social No ka Post Prompt
Nā mea ʻikena LiDAR eaHiki iā ia ke hopu i nā kiko kikoʻī mai ka pulse laser, i ʻike ʻia ʻo nā ana hoʻihoʻi discrete, a i ʻole e hoʻopaʻa i ka hōʻailona piha i kona hoʻi ʻana mai, i kapa ʻia ʻo full-waveform, ma nā manawa paʻa e like me 1 ns (e uhi ana ma kahi o 15 cm). Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo LiDAR piha piha i ka ulu lāʻau, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻihoʻi ʻokoʻa ʻo LiDAR he mau noi ākea ma nā ʻano āpau. Kūkākūkā nui kēia ʻatikala i ka LiDAR hoʻihoʻi ʻokoʻa a me kāna mau hoʻohana. Ma kēia mokuna, e uhi mākou i nā kumuhana koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka LiDAR, me kāna mau ʻāpana kumu, pehea e hana ai, kona pololei, nā ʻōnaehana, a me nā kumuwaiwai i loaʻa.
Nā ʻāpana kumu o LiDAR
Hoʻohana maʻamau nā ʻōnaehana LiDAR e pili ana i ka honua i nā laser me nā lōʻihi nalu ma waena o 500-600 nm, aʻo nā ʻōnaehana LiDAR ea e hoʻohana i nā lasers me nā lōʻihi hawewe lōʻihi, mai ka 1000-1600 nm. ʻO kahi hoʻonohonoho LiDAR ea ea maʻamau e loaʻa i kahi scanner laser, kahi ʻāpana no ke ana ʻana i ka mamao (kahi ʻāpana), a me nā ʻōnaehana no ka hoʻomalu, ka nānā ʻana, a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Loaʻa pū kekahi i kahi Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) a me kahi Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), i hoʻohui pinepine ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokahi i ʻike ʻia he kūlana a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho. Hāʻawi kēia ʻōnaehana i kahi kikoʻī (longitude, latitud, a me ke kiʻekiʻe) a me ka ʻike kikoʻī (roll, pitch, a me ke poʻo).
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona e nānā ai ka laser i ka wahi, me nā ala zigzag, parallel, a i ʻole elliptical. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka ʻikepili DGPS a me IMU, me ka ʻikepili calibration a me nā ʻāpana kau ʻana, hiki i ka ʻōnaehana ke hoʻoponopono pololei i nā helu laser i hōʻiliʻili ʻia. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau kiko i nā hoʻonohonoho (x, y, z) ma kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho ʻāina me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84) datum.
Pehea ʻo LiDARʻIke mamaoNā hana? E wehewehe ma ke ʻano maʻalahi
Hoʻopuka ka ʻōnaehana LiDAR i nā pulse laser wikiwiki i kahi mea i ʻimi ʻia a i ʻole ka ʻili.
Hōʻike ka pulse laser i ka pahu hopu a hoʻi i ka sensor LiDAR.
E ana pono ana ka mea ike i ka manawa e hele ai no kela me keia pulse i ka pahu hopu a i hope.
Ke hoʻohana nei i ka wikiwiki o ka māmā a me ka manawa huakaʻi, ua helu ʻia ka mamao i ka pahuhopu.
Hoʻohui pū ʻia me ke kūlana a me ka ʻikepili orientation mai GPS a me IMU sensors, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā kikoʻī 3D pololei o nā noʻonoʻo laser.
Loaʻa kēia i kahi ao kikoo 3D e hōʻike ana i ka ʻili a i ʻole ka mea i nānā ʻia.
Kumu Kino o LiDAR
Hoʻohana nā ʻōnaehana LiDAR i ʻelua ʻano lasers: pulsed a me ka nalu mau. Hana nā ʻōnaehana Pulsed LiDAR ma ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi puʻupuʻu māmā pōkole a laila ana i ka manawa e hele ai kēia pulse i ka pahu hopu a hoʻi i ka mea hoʻokipa. ʻO kēia ana o ka manawa holo kaʻapuni e kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka mamao i ka pahuhopu. Hōʻike ʻia kahi laʻana ma kahi kiʻi kahi e hōʻike ʻia ai nā amplitudes o ka hōʻailona kukui i hoʻouna ʻia (AT) a me ka hōʻailona kukui i loaʻa (AR). ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike kumu i hoʻohana ʻia ma kēia ʻōnaehana e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o ka māmā (c) a me ka mamao i ka pahu hopu (R), e ʻae ana i ka ʻōnaehana e helu i ka mamao ma muli o ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻi ʻana o ke kukui.
ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi ʻokoʻa a me ke ana hawewe piha me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka LiDAR ea.
He ʻōnaehana LiDAR maʻamau.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana ana ma LiDAR, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka mea ʻike a me nā ʻano o ka pahuhopu, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia e ka hoʻohālikelike LiDAR maʻamau. Hoʻololi ʻia kēia hoʻohālikelike mai ka hoʻohālikelike radar a he mea nui i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka helu ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana LiDAR i nā mamao. Hōʻike ia i ka pilina ma waena o ka mana o ka hōʻailona hoʻouna (Pt) a me ka mana o ka hōʻailona i loaʻa (Pr). ʻO ka mea nui, kōkua ka equation i ka helu ʻana i ka nui o ke kukui i hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka mea hoʻokipa ma hope o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka pahuhopu, he mea koʻikoʻi ia no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā mamao a me ka hana ʻana i nā palapala ʻāina pololei. Hoʻopili kēia pilina i nā mea e like me ka attenuation hōʻailona ma muli o ka mamao a me ka launa pū ʻana me ka ʻili i kuhi ʻia.
Nā noi o LiDAR Remote Sensing
LiDAR mamao sensing he nui nā noi ma nā ʻano āpau:
ʻĀina a me ka palapala ʻāina topographic no ka hana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (DEMs).
ʻO ka palapala ʻāina ulu lāʻau a me nā mea kanu e aʻo ai i ke ʻano o ka uhi lāʻau a me ka biomass.
Ka palapala 'āina a me ke kahakai no ka nānā 'ana i ka hili 'ana a me ka ho'ololi 'ilikai.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā kūlanakauhale a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana, me nā hale a me nā ʻoihana kaʻa.
Archeology a me nā palapala hoʻoilina moʻomeheu o nā wahi mōʻaukala a me nā mea waiwai.
Nā noiʻi ʻāina a me nā mining no ka palapala ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻili a me nā hana nānā.
Hoʻokele kaʻa kūʻokoʻa a me ka ʻike pilikia.
Ka ʻimi hoʻokele honua, e like me ka palapala ʻana i ka ʻili o Mars.
Pono ʻoe i kahi ʻaha kūkā manuahi?
Nā Punawai LiDAR:
Hāʻawi ʻia kahi papa inoa piha ʻole o nā kumu ʻikepili LiDAR a me nā polokalamu manuahi ma lalo nei.
1.Wehe Topographyhttp://www.opentopography.org
2.USGS Earth Explorerhttp://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
3.ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa Elevation Inventoryhttps://coast.noaa.gov/ inventory/
4.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)Kahakai kikohoʻehttps://www.coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#
5.Wikipedia LiDARhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lidar_Dataset_(United_States)
6.LiDAR Onlinehttp://www.lidar-online.com
7.ʻO ka National Ecological Observatory Network—NEONhttp://www.neonscience.org/data-resources/get-data/airborne-data
8.ʻIkepili LiDAR no Sepania ʻĀkauhttp://b5m.gipuzkoa.net/url5000/en/G_22485/PUBLI&consulta=HAZLIDAR
9.ʻIkepili LiDAR no United Kingdomhttp://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/ list/?return_obj=ob&id=8049, 8042, 8051, 8053
Pūnaehana LiDAR manuahi:
1.Pono ENVI. http://bcal.geology.isu.edu/ Envitools.shtml
2.FugroViewer(no LiDAR a me nā ʻikepili raster/vector ʻē aʻe) http://www.fugroviewer.com/
3.FUSION/LDV(Hōʻike ʻike ʻikepili LiDAR, hoʻololi, a me ka nānā ʻana) http:// forsys.cfr.washington.edu/fusion/fusionlatest.html
4.Nā mea hana LAS(Ke code a me ka lako polokalamu no ka heluhelu a me ke kākau ʻana i nā faila LAS) http:// www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/
5.LASUtility(He hoʻonohonoho o nā pono GUI no ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā LASfile) http://home.iitk.ac.in/~blohani/LASUtility/LASUtility.html
6.LibLAS(C/C++ hale waihona puke no ka heluhelu/kākau ʻana i ke ʻano LAS) http://www.liblas.org/
7.MCC-LiDAR(Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka curvature lehulehu no LiDAR) http:// sourceforge.net/projects/mcclidar/
8.MARS FreeView(Hōʻike 3D o ka ʻikepili LiDAR) http://www.merrick.com/Geospatial/Software-Products/MARS-Software
9.Nānā piha(Wehe kumu lako polokalamu no ka hana ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ao LiDARpoint a me nā ʻano nalu) http://fullanalyze.sourceforge.net/
10.Lae Cloud Magic (A set of software tools for LiDAR point cloud visualiza-tion, editing, filtering, 3D building modeling, and statistical analysis in forestry/ vegetation applications. Contact Dr. Cheng Wang at wangcheng@radi.ac.cn)
11.Heluhelu Terrain wikiwiki(Hōʻikeʻike o LiDAR point clouds) http://appliedimagery.com/download/ Hiki ke loaʻa nā lako polokalamu LiDAR hou mai ka Open Topography ToolRegistry page ma http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/tools/listTools.
Hoʻomaikaʻi
- Hoʻopili kēia ʻatikala i ka noiʻi mai "LiDAR Remote Sensing and Applications" na Vinícius Guimarães, 2020. Loaʻa ka ʻatikala pihamaanei.
- ʻO kēia papa inoa piha a me ka wehewehe kikoʻī o nā kumu ʻikepili LiDAR a me nā polokalamu manuahi e hāʻawi i kahi mea hana pono no ka poʻe loea a me nā mea noiʻi ma ke kahua o ka ʻike mamao a me ka nānā ʻāina.
Hōʻole:
- Ke haʻi aku nei mākou ua ʻohi ʻia kekahi mau kiʻi i hōʻike ʻia ma kā mākou pūnaewele mai ka pūnaewele no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka ʻike ʻike. Hoʻohanohano mākou i nā kuleana waiwai naʻauao o nā mea hana mua. ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau kiʻi no ka loaʻa kālā.
- Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua hewa kekahi o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i kāu kope kope, e ʻoluʻolu e kelepona mai iā mākou. Ua ʻoi aku ko mākou makemake e hana i nā hana kūpono, me ka wehe ʻana i nā kiʻi a i ʻole ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻōlelo kūpono, e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kānāwai a me nā hoʻoponopono waiwai. ʻO kā mākou pahuhopu, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i kahi kahua i piha i ka ʻike, kūpono, a me ka mahalo i nā pono waiwai naʻauao o kekahi.
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-16-2024