Nūhou - dTOF sensor: Kuʻuna hana a me nā mea nui.

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ʻO ka ʻenehana Direct Time-of-Flight (dTOF) kahi ala hou e ana pono ai i ka manawa lele o ka mālamalama, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano o ka Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC). Hoʻohui ʻia kēia ʻenehana i nā ʻano noi like ʻole, mai ka ʻike kokoke ʻana i nā mea uila uila a hiki i nā ʻōnaehana LiDAR holomua i nā noi kaʻa. Ma kāna kumu, aia nā ʻōnaehana dTOF i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi, e pāʻani ana kēlā me kēia i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā ana mamao pololei.

Nā ʻāpana kumu o nā Pūnaehana dTOF

Keaukaha Laser a me Laser

ʻO ka mea hoʻokele laser, he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ke kaapuni transmitter, e hana i nā hōʻailona pulse kikohoʻe e hoʻomalu i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka laser ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana o MOSFET. ʻO nā lasers, ʻoi akuNā Lasers Emitting Ile Ili o ka Lua Vertical(VCSELs), makemake ʻia no ko lākou ʻano haiki, ikaika ikaika, hiki ke hoʻololi wikiwiki, a me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohui. Ma muli o ka noi, koho ʻia nā lōʻihi nalu o 850nm a i ʻole 940nm e kaulike ma waena o nā peaks absorption solar spectrum a me ka pono quantum sensor.

Ka Hoʻouna ʻana a me ka Loaʻa ʻana o Optik

Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻouna, he lens optical maʻalahi a i ʻole hui pū ʻana o nā lens collimating a me Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs) e kuhikuhi i ka kukuna laser ma ke kahua o ka ʻike i makemake ʻia. ʻO nā optics e loaʻa ana, e manaʻo ana e hōʻiliʻili i ka mālamalama i loko o ke kahua o ka nānā ʻana, e pōmaikaʻi mai nā lens me nā helu F haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻomālamalama pili kiʻekiʻe, me nā kānana narrowband e hoʻopau i ke keakea māmā.

SPAD a me SiPM Nani

Hoʻokahi-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) a me Silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) nā mea ʻike mua i nā ʻōnaehana dTOF. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā SPAD e ko lākou hiki ke pane i nā kiʻi kiʻi hoʻokahi, e hoʻoulu ana i ka auwē nui me hoʻokahi photon wale nō, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea kūpono no nā ana kiʻekiʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou pixel nui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea ʻike CMOS kuʻuna i kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻonā spatial o nā ʻōnaehana dTOF.

Mea hoʻololi manawa-i-Digital (TDC)

Unuhi ke kaapuni TDC i nā hōʻailona analog i nā hōʻailona kikohoʻe i hōʻike ʻia e ka manawa, e hopu ana i ka manawa pololei i hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia pulina photon. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia pololei no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kūlana o ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma muli o ka histogram o nā pulse i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.

Ke ʻimi nei i nā ʻāpana hana dTOF

ʻIke a me ka pololei

Hoʻonui ʻia ka laulā ʻike o kahi ʻōnaehana dTOF a hiki i kona mau puʻupuʻu māmā ke hele a hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka sensor, ʻike maopopo ʻia mai ka walaʻau. No nā mea uila uila, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka manaʻo i loko o kahi ākea 5m, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā VCSEL, ʻoiai e koi ana nā noi kaʻa i nā pae ʻike o 100m a ʻoi aku paha, e koi ana i nā ʻenehana like ʻole e like me EELs a i ʻole.nā laser fiber.

kaomi maanei e aʻo hou e pili ana i ka huahana

Kiʻekiʻe ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia

ʻO ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa me ka ʻole o ka ambiguity e pili ana i ka wā ma waena o nā pulse emitted a me ke alapine modulation o ka laser. No ka laʻana, me ka frequency modulation o 1MHz, hiki i ka laulā unmbiguous ke piʻi i ka 150m.

Ka pololei a me ka hewa

ʻO ka pololei o nā ʻōnaehana dTOF i kaupalena ʻia e ka laulā pulse o ka laser, ʻoiai hiki ke ala mai nā hewa mai nā ʻano kānalua like ʻole o nā ʻāpana, me ka mea hoʻokele laser, ka pane sensor SPAD, a me ka pololei kaapuni TDC. Hiki i nā hoʻolālā e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi SPAD kuhikuhi ke kōkua i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i kēia mau hewa ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kumu no ka manawa a me ka mamao.

Ka walaʻau a me ke kū'ēʻana

Pono nā ʻōnaehana dTOF e hakakā me ka walaʻau hope, ʻoi aku ma nā wahi māmā ikaika. Hiki i nā ʻenehana e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pika SPAD he nui me nā pae attenuation like ʻole ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i kēia pilikia. Eia hou, hiki i ka dTOF ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā noʻonoʻo pololei a me ka multipath e hoʻonui i kona ikaika i ka hoʻopilikia ʻana.

Hoʻoholo Spatial a me ka hoʻohana mana

ʻO nā holomua i ka ʻenehana sensor SPAD, e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka ʻaoʻao mua-ʻaoʻao illumination (FSI) i nā kaʻina hoʻomālamalama ʻaoʻao hope (BSI), ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka nui o ka lawe ʻana i ka photon a me ka pono o ka sensor. ʻO kēia holomua, i hui pū ʻia me ke ʻano pulsed o nā ʻōnaehana dTOF, e hopena i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana haʻahaʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻōnaehana nalu mau e like me iTOF.

ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ʻenehana dTOF

ʻOiai ʻo nā pale ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe a me nā kumukūʻai e pili ana i ka ʻenehana dTOF, ʻo kāna mau mea maikaʻi i ka pololei, ka laulā, a me ka pono o ka mana e lilo ia i moho hoʻohiki no nā noi e hiki mai ana ma nā kahua like ʻole. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana sensor a me ka hoʻolālā kaapuni uila, ua mākaukau nā ʻōnaehana dTOF no ka hoʻohana ākea ʻana, e hoʻokau i nā mea hou i nā mea kūʻai uila, palekana kaʻa, a ma waho.

Mai ka ʻaoʻao pūnaewele02.02 TOF系统第二章 dTOF系统 - 超光 ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka māmā (faster-than-light.net)
na ka mea kākau: Chao Guang

Hōʻole:

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